Firearm.



F. K. YOUNG.

FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.22, I9I3.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I 2' IS/ 5| so 3 Fg. Fig] 37 3a- 7 i? 39 gm I 8'/ 34 li Witnesses' Inventor. BM@ gym Franklin K.Young, l i 2 5 W A'tys FRANKLIN K. YOUNG, OF WINTHROP HIGHLANDS, MASSACHUSETTS.

FIREARM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 10, 1916.

Application filed December 22, 1913. Serial No. 808,053.

' To UU wlw/n t1/nay conce/m lie it known that l, FRANKLIN l a citizen of the United States. residingl at ll'inthrop 'Highlands county of Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Firearms, of which the follmving description, in connection with the accompanying drawing, is a specification, like characters on the drawing representing like parts. l

This invention relates to firearms of the type in which the explosion of the cartridge automatically causes the extraction and-ejection of the spentcartridge case, the resetting of the firing mechanism and the insertion of a fresh cartridge and has for an object to provide an improved arm of simple and cheap const rnction which may be' used either as a semi-automatic or as a full-automatic arm.

Another object is to provide an arm of this type having a simple firing mechanism consisting of few parts and one which will be certain and reliable in operation.

This invention provides a vconvertible automatic arm having few parts in which the firing pin is automatically operated without the provision of a 'hammer Operating thereagainst.

The natureand objects of the invention will more fully appear from the following specification and accompanying drawings and the novel features will be particularly pointed out inthe claims.

' magazine 4, of usual I Referring to the drawings in which I have illustrated a pistol constructed' in accordance with my invention; Figure l'is a sectional view showing the arm loaded and read)y for tiring, therparts being shown in position to operate as .a semi-automatic arm; Figu is a sectional view4 on'the line .Q4-2, l"ig.'1'; Fig. 3 is asectional view similar to Fig. 1 showing the breech block in its rear or retracted position, parts of the frame be` ing broken away: Fig. Je is a sectionaliview on the line Fig. 1: Fig. 5 is a sectional view on the line 5-o, Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line ('v-G. Fig. 1; Fig. 7 .is a detail view of the ejector cam, and Fig. S is a detail view of the adjustable trigger. Referring to the drawings in detail 1 designates the frame having a grip 2 and a barrel 3. The grip is chambered to receive the construction, the grip being made long enough to receive a niagazine of the size desired. The barrel isl bored K. YOUNG,

and rifled in the usual manner as indicated at 5 and is also bored as indicated at to provide a recoil spring chamber. 'A breech block .7 is mounted on the frame .to move towardj and from closed or firing position and in ythe construction illustrated is mounted to slide longitudinally behind the barrel, being provided at its sides with downwardly projecting flanges'S which have tongue an groove connection with lthe frame, as. indicated at 9. The breech block is provided with a bolt 10 extending througha hole 11 into the recoil spring chamber. A recoil spring 12 surrounds the bolt thus .yieldably urging the breech block forward and its tension may be adjusted by means of a nut 13 on the threaded end of the bolt 10. The end ofy the recoil spring chamber is preferably Vclosed as by means of a screw rear end of the barrel is shaped to provide a firing chamber to receive the cartridge as indicated at 15. The magazinei of usual construction. 'is adapted to project fresh cartridges successively into position to be engaged by the breech block and carried forward thereby into the firing chamber as the breech block moves forward after recoil.

The firing pin 16 is slidablymounted in the breech block in position to engage the priming cap of the cartridge located in the tiring chamber and is urgedforward by a spring 17 compressed between a shoulder 18 on the firing pin and a U-shaped plate 19 which fits in a transverse groove in the breech block and is heldin place by a set screw 20. The weight of the firing pin and the strength of the spring are so propor- 'tioned that if the firing pin is drawn back,

then released. exploded. By this concompressing the spring, and the cartrldge wlll be plug 14. The

wea

struction it is .unnecessary to .provide hammer to operate in connection firing pm.

breech block into operating position., The` rear portion 27 is in the form of a knurlee screw boltprojecting to the rear ofjthe breech block in a recess 28 to provide conwith the,`v The tiring pin illustrated "-isffmade in three parts secured together. Thee; form of a blockI hav-g` shoulders 2 forward end of the cured fm1 the trigger.

venient means for cocking the firing pin by as not to interfere therewith as indicated.

in Fig. 2. :A vsp'ring'3l conveniently mounted presses this link rearwardly thusurging the sea-rvinto position to engage thev shoulder 22 of the firing pin. During the forward' movement of vthe breech block rthe sear is 4-pressed against 4the under surface 32 of' the breech 'block in Vposition to engage has moved forward suliiciently.'r This shoulder'22I extends somewhat. below the plane of the surface v32 to insure itsv engagement with the sear. A spring-pressed pawl 33is pivoted. to the link near. its forward end .and projects downwardly for engageinent with v the trigger 3 4. rlhe frame is milled out as indicated at 35 to provide space for the trigger and allied parts, the plate 36 being pinned in' the slot to close the openingith'usformed.'A

The connectionbetween the trigger and lthe link is vmade adjustable so that the' operation o fthelink to'provide; for semi-fa-utomatic and full-automatid'operation of the arm, a further variation providing la'safe position of the parts.

As a convenient method of providing this variable connection, I make the trigger of adjustable length and'in the form illus-v trated,'the triggerfis pi'voted in the frame plate A3 secured thereto by screws 38 eX- tending through slots in the plate and vsemeans to hold the plate which may en'-l l position ositionfor full-automatic operation and. or semi-automatic operation. The

I end of ythe-flexible Vdetent extends through a slot'fin the side ofthe frame whereby the plate may be moved to Athe several positions. When 4in its lowest or safe position with the detent in the notch 40, the trigger is tool shortto engagethe pawl 33. lVhen the plate is so positioned it'silowestend projects below the'edge' of the trigger guard in such mannerthat its position will, be readily noticed eitherupon lookingI at the arm or upon inserting the finger'into the trigger 0 guardythus avoiding the mistake of trying posi tion,Y the the frame isslotted as indicated at 43 and bythe trigger'may be varied [holds the iring pin while the Iprovided'w'ithan adjustable thumb I preier to providey in adjusted position and this may convenientlybe done by pro- Ividing ya HeXible detent 39 gage'eitherV of the notches 40,4101' 42 in the trigger -tohold the .plate respectively in safe drawal, however, is only momentary, for upon further movement, the trigger slips from the pawl and the Sear returns to position to engage the shoulder 22 and hold the firing pin retracted. vTo lire another shot the trigger must be released i and again pulled. l/Vhen the' plate is in its uppermost plate will continue to engage the pawl during the full. movement of the trigger thus holding thevlink 30' in its f0r' wardr position and the sear 4retracted sov long as the' trigger vis helfd back theQnge'r.;

Accordingly full .automatic operation `re-` 4 reaches substantially its forward position at which time the pin isV released. Accordingly the spring-pressed pawl 25 is pivoted therev in; 'The movement of the pawl is limited vby a pin 44 secured in the frame and projecting into a slot 4 5A in the pawl. This pawl is pressedv upwardly by aV spring46 mounted in a block 47 secu y 43. Upon return movement of thebreech block after discharge underthe action yo f the recoil spring l2, the pawl engages the shoulder 23 on theblock of the firing breech `block continues its forward'ni'ovement.V breech block approaches its closed position. however, the shoulder 4t thereofen'gagesthe inclined face 49 of the' downward against thev operation of. its spring thus withdrawing the y'pawlnfrom the firing, pin and allowing the firing pin to move'forward under the ope'ratio'ri'of its spring to Aexplode the cartridgefwhich this time is chamber.- l

Any vsuitable extracting and mechanism may -be provided.

ejectingv An ejector 52-is' arranged to engagev the lower edge of! the 'spent cartridge case' as the breech block moves back vfar enoughv to 'with-v .This-'ejector is illustrated as a bell vthe eject-ing arm of ywhich is ber. crank' lever positionedin the central plane ofthebrecch block and is arranged to*movev upwardly in aslot 3 1nA the breech block provided there 130 `m- Athe shoulder 22 when the breech blocking the 'firing pin automatically' when" the` red 1n the slot pin and thus 1.00

As 'theI i pawl-and presses it m by 11.0 pushed forwardmto the firing "For the purpose of illustratioml have 'shown one form 115' chamber as the breech block moves backy'after discharge.'

draw the spent case from the iring'cham- `1.25'

for. The other arm is positioned at one side of the breech block and is provided with a projection 54C operating in a cam slot in the hardened steel cam 55 secured in the side -of the breech block.

The operation of the arm when used as a semi-automatic arm is as follows :-With the magazine full and a cartridge in the ring chamber, the parts being in the position shown in Fig. 1', the trigger is pulled, the upper end of the plate 37 engages the A pawl 33 drawing Vthe link 30 forward against the operation of its spring. The sear 24a-is thus retracted from the shoulder 22 of the firing pin block and at substantially the slips ofi' from the pawl 33 allowing the link `Aand Sear toreturn tovnormal position.

.'llhe cartridge is' exploded by the forward movement of the tiring ypin under the intluence of the spring. The explosion of the cartridge causes the recoil. ofthe breech block thus actuating the extracting, reloadz ing and firing mechanism. The spent car- .25 tridge caseis withdrawn from the firing i chamber by the extractor claw 50 and the ejector 52 controlled by the cam 55 is moved forwardly into engagement-with the lower 'edge of the cartridge case thus ejecting the spentcase. A fresh cartridge is pressed upwardly to the top of the magazine and into position to be carried forward by the return movement of the breech box. Upon the forwardl movement of the breech block under the action of the recoil spring, the fresh cartridge is carried forward into the firing chamber. The cooking pawl 25 engages the firing pin block 21 thus cooking the ring pin as the breech block moves forward .and as the breech block reaches its extreme forward position the shoulder 48 engages the cooking pawl, retracting it from the shoulder 23 of the firing pin block. The sear 24 will, however, engage the shoulder 22 of the ring pin block and prevent the firing pin from moving `forward to explode the cartridge. The trigger is then released and as the thumb plate 37 moves back, the pawl ields swinging backwardly upon its pivot until the plate passes behind the pawl when it again springs forward into position and thearm is ready to be discharged again by -the movement of the trigger. lt may be noted that the automatic cocking mechanism is superfluous when the arm is used as a semi-automatic armsince the Sear would operate to cock the tiring pin. 'The cooking pawl illustrated, however, does not interfere with the operation of other parts and for this reason I prefer not to provide means fory making this automatic Y'cooking and releasing mechanism inoperative when the arm 1s used as a semi-autol matic arm.

The arm maybe converted yinto a ful1 same time the end of the plate 37v will thenoperate automatically to discharge i the cartridge in the firing chamber as soon as released by the action of the breech block 'against the cooking pawl.

I have described one embodiment of my invention for the purpose .of illustration;

It is obvious, however, that various changes in structure may be made within the scope of my invention.

Having fully described my invention, what l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a firearm, a sear and sear operating means comprising a link connected to the sear, a triggerhaving a movable-thumb plate thereon adapted when in its uppermost position to engage the link thereby providing a connection between thetrigger and link and when in'its lowermost position .tobe entirely freefrom said link, the thumb plate having a projection by which it may conveniently be adjusted.

. 2. In a firearm, a frame comprising a barrel, a magazine carried in the frame, a slidable breech block, a recoil spring yieldably urging the breech block toward the barrel,.a spring-pressed iiring `pin slidably mounted in the breech block and provided with a shoulder, a sear engaging said shoulder, operating means for' said sear variable to withdraw the sear lfrom the liring pin and hold it withdrawn or to withdraw it momentarily and release it and means to engage the firing pin and temporarily hold it against forward movement during'a portion of the forward movement of the breech block.

3. In a firearm, a frame comprising a barrel, a magazine carried in the frame, a slidable breech block, a recoil spring yieldably urging the breech block toward the barrel, a spring pressed firing pin slidably mounted in the breech block and provided with a shoulder, a sear engaging said shoulder, operating means for said sear to release it from engagement with the shoulder of the firing pin and a spring-pressed pawl pivoted in the frame normally positioned to engage the firing pin during the forward movement of the breech block, the breech block having a shoulder to engage and release the pawl from the firing pin asfthe breech block approaches its forward position.

4. In a firearm, a lframe comprising a barrel, a magazine carried in the frame, a slidable breech block, a recoil spring yieldably urging the breech block toward the barrel, a spring-pressed firing pin slid-ably I ing a limited movement and positioned to rel, a magazine carried in the frame, a sl1dy urging ,thel breech `shoulder,

engage the firing pin during the forward movement of the breech block and having a cam surface, said breech block having a shoulder positioned to engage the cam surface of the pawl to release said pawl from the firing pin as the breech block approaches its forward position.

5. In a firearm, a frame comprising a bara recoil spring yieldably block toward the. barrel, a spring-pressed firing pin slidably mounted in the breech block and provided with a shoulder, a sear engaging said shoulder,

able breech block,

-sear operating means comprising a link connected t0 the s'ear and a trigger of-variable length whereby the trigger may be adjusted to draw the link forward temporarily and release it or to draw it forward and hold it,'and means to automatically cock the firing pin.

6. In a firearm, a frame comprising a barrel, a magazine carried in the frame, a slidable breechblock, av recoil spring yieldably urging the breech block toward the barrel, a spring-pressed firing pin slidably mounted in the breech block and provided with a a scar engaging said shoulder, sear operating means comprising a trigger havlng an adjustable thumb plate whereby the connectionv betweenl the Sear and trigger may be varied to' cause the operation of the trigger to retract the sear momentarily and release it or to retract the Sear and hold it l able breech block,

- of variable length whereby the. operation of retracted, and means to automatically cock the firing pin. Y A

7. In a firearm, a frame comprising a barrel, a magazine carried 1n the frame, a slidurging the breech block towar the barrel, a spring-pressed firing pin slidably mounted in the breech block and provided with a shoulder, a sear engaging said shoulder, scar operating vmeans comprising a link having a trigger-engaging projection, and a trigger the trigger 'will cause the sear to be retracted and released or will cause the'sear to be retracted and held retracted as the length of the trigger is made respectively short or long and means independent of the scar to automatically cock the firing pin during the movement of the breech block.

8. In a firearm, a. frame comprising a barrel, a magazine carried in the frame, a slidable breech block, urging the breech block toward the barrel, a spring-pressed ring pin slidably mounted a recoil spring yieldably v j a i shoulder a recoil spring yieldablyy Y means independent of the sear to automatically cock the firing' pin. l

9. In a firearm, a frame comprising a barrel, a magazine carried in the frame, a slidable breech block, a recoilr spring yieldably ui'ging the breech block toward the barrel, a spring-pressed firing pin slidablv mounted in the breech block and provided with a shoulder, a sear engaging said shoulder, a trigger, operative connections between the' trigger and sear, means to vary the engagement between the trigger and Sear connections whereby the trigger may operate to withdraw the Sear and hold it withdrawn or to. withdraw the Sear momentarily and release it and separate'means to cock the firing pin automatically. f 1

10. In a firearm, a frame, a barrel, a breech block slidable upon said frame, a spring-pressed firing pin slidable within said breech-block and provided with a sh'oulder, a spring-pressed pawl pivoted in 'said frame to engage said shoulder of said firing pin and hold said firing pin retracted until said breech block on its forward movement engages and depresses said pawl to release said firing pin and a recoil springto yieldingly urge said breech block on its extreme forward movement into contact with said barrel. A I

'11. In a firearm, the combination of a movable breechblock, a spring-pressed firlin the breech block and provided with a` y 'pawl adapted to engage and to hold retracted the firing pin during a portion of the forward movemento'f the breech block, a shoulder. on said breech block adapted to engage and depress said pawl at a subsequent portion of the forward movement of the breech 4block whereby the release of the firing pin is effected after a predetermined interval.

l2. In a firearm, 4the combination of a movable breech block, a spring-pressed firing pin sIidableitherein, a spring-pressed pawl adapted to engage and to hold retracted the firing pin I*during a portion of; the forward movement of the breech block, `on said breech block,

having a surface presented to the path v`of' said shoulder Whereby the releaseof the" firing pin is effected upon further forward movement of the breech block.

13. n a rearm, the Combination oi" af' frame, a movable breech block thereon, a spring-pressed rng pin sldable in said block, the frame having u recess in the rear 5 thereof, a spring-pressed pawl mounted in v, said recess and adapted to engage and to hold retracted the firing pin during a portion of the forward movement of the breech vblock, a shoulder on the end of the breech 1.0 block adapted to engage and depress seid l'Copier of this p'aeet may be ebaae' for ve cents pewl upon subsequent forward movement of the breech block toward closed position, tvmreby release of the ring pin is effected. 'n testimony whereof, I have signed my Ieme to this specification, in the presence 15 of ytwo subscribing Witnesses.

FRANKLIN K. YOUNG.

Vitnesses:

MAURICE B. LANDERS, THOMAS J. DRUMMOND.-

each, by addressing the Commissioner of, Patents. v

Weshingtqn, D. G. 

